The World Health Organisation (WHO) has directed Sri Lanka to go on alert in the wake of the recent detection of avian influenza or bird flu in humans in neighbouring countries like India,Daily Mirror learns.

Bird flu, or avian influenza, is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses that primarily affect birds but can also infect other animals and humans.

The disease can be caused by various strains of influenza viruses, with the H5 subtype being one of the most significant due to its potential to cause severe outbreaks.

Main avian influenza strains include H5, H7, H9, and H10. Key humaninfecting strains are H5N1, H5N8 (rarely), H7N9, H7N2, H7N3, H7N7, H9N2, and H10N8. H5N1 and H7N9 are particularly severe, causing high mortality. H9N2 and H10N8 typically cause milder illness. Continuous surveillance is vital due to the potential for these viruses to mutate and cause pandemics.

The case in point is that India reported a recent case of human infection with the avian influenza A(H9N2) virus in a child from West Bengal.this is only the second reported case of H9N2
in humans in India, with the first occurring in 2019.

The child had exposure to poultry and has since recovered.

In addition, in May 2024, Australia confirmed its first human case of bird flu, specifically the H5N1 strain, in a child who had recently travelled from India while in the United States, three human cases of H5N1 bird flu were reported in 2024, all linked to dairy cows in Texas and Michigan.

These cases were the result of direct animal-to-human transmission, with no evidence of human-to-human spread.

Commenting on the situation, Consultant Virologist at the Medical Research Institute (MRI) Dr. Jude Jayamaha told Daily Mirror that the various strains of avian influenza are of significant concern due to their potential to mutate and adapt to new hosts, including humans.