The kings who ruled Kandy effectively utilized the land’s natural geography to strengthen their kingdom’s security. History reveals that they meticulously planned strategies against potential enemy threats, with a focus on geographical features. This is evident in the failed invasions by the Dutch and British, despite the latter’s eventual success in annexing the Kandyan kingdom.
The Balana area, located at the entrance to the Kadugannawa Pass, served as a crucial nerve center for security, spying, and communication during the Kandyan kingdom. It stood as a fortress overlooking the vast landscape, offering a strategic view of the surrounding areas. Today, travelers reaching Balana by night train can marvel at the sparkling electric lights below, resembling a field of twinkling stars.
The natural fortress of Balana, with its steep hills, impassable waterfalls, dense jungles, and dangerous wildlife, was an insurmountable barrier for enemy forces. Though the surroundings were beautiful, they posed great challenges for any invader.
At 2,000 feet above sea level, Balana served as a remarkable creation of nature, providing defense during the Kandyan kingdom. The Balana Pass, historically the boundary between the Sathara Korala and Galboda Korala, was strategically located along vital trade routes between the Upcountry and Low Country.
Records show that the Balana Pass was first used as a security center during the reign of King Wimaladharmasuriya I. A court official, Amunupura Mudali, is credited with enhancing the site as a defense hub by stationing soldiers and constructing mini-fortresses on nearby hills.
Today, the Balana Pass is part of the Yatinuwara electorate and is easily accessible from Kadugannawa town. The fortress itself, once a rectangular structure, measured 102 feet long and 116 feet wide. Only the ruins of its foundations and watch huts remain, with a barren central area.
The fortress’s name, “Balana,” which means “watching,” reflects its historical role as a surveillance and defense center. In its vicinity, the Amunupura village and surrounding areas such as Ambalathenna, Ihala Kotte, and Mawanella are situated. Not far from here are significant locations like Alagalla and the hideout of the infamous Sura Saradiel.
Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and a pleasant climate, Balana has potential as a tourist attraction. Local legends suggest that secret tunnels and armories still lie hidden, adding to its historical allure. The Portuguese and Dutch failed multiple times to invade the Kandyan kingdom, notably suffering devastating defeats at Balana in 1594 and 1602.
Today, Balana Fortress is an archaeological site under the Department of Archaeology. Local residents advocate for its development as a key historical site, showcasing the strength and resilience of the Kandyan Kingdom.
