New research shows that while pill testing often dominates headlines, far more common hidden health risks threaten people attending music festivals and other large multi-day events.
Public health experts from Flinders University examined emergencies recorded at 19 events attended mostly by young people, including music festivals, cultural celebrations, sports gatherings, and religious events.
The global review found that nearly 70% of reported emergencies were infectious disease outbreaks, with influenza, measles, and meningococcal disease being the most frequent.
Food-borne illnesses such as hepatitis A—known to cause serious liver infections—accounted for more than 20% of emergencies, indicating widespread issues with poor food handling practices.
Lead author and epidemiologist Associate Professor Jacqueline Stephens said the findings underscore the need for strong health planning, as well as the importance of vaccinations and good hygiene for festival-goers. She warned that the close contact, shared accommodation, and sometimes risky behaviours common at festivals create ideal conditions for disease transmission.
Simple measures such as vaccination, frequent handwashing, and safe food practices can significantly reduce health risks, she added.
The study also revealed that many outbreaks were detected through routine surveillance systems or by on-site medical teams, highlighting the critical role of robust health systems and rapid response teams.
Researchers recommended that event organisers establish on-site medical clinics, ensure hospitals have adequate surge capacity, and maintain clear communication channels for emergencies.
Co-author Dr. Josh Trigg reminded attendees that personal responsibility also plays a key role in staying safe. He urged festival-goers to check their vaccinations, maintain good hygiene, and be cautious about what they eat and drink.
Organisers, he said, must enforce strict hygiene standards for food vendors, pointing to past outbreaks linked to contaminated coleslaw, undercooked meat, and food handlers working while ill.
Dr. Trigg noted that festivals are highlights for many young people, and with thoughtful planning and simple precautions, they can remain enjoyable, safe, and memorable.
